Webhooks

Step-by-step guide to send your event data from RudderStack to your configured webhook endpoint.

Webhooks allow you to send the events generated via the RudderStack SDK to your own backend. It is useful in cases where you want to apply some custom logic on the event payload before sending it to your preferred destination platforms.

Once webhooks are enabled as a destination in your dashboard, RudderStack forwards the SDK events to your configured webhook endpoint.

Find the open-source transformer code for this destination in our GitHub repo.

Getting Started

In order to collect your events at the webhook endpoint, you will first need to add it as a destination to the source from which you are sending event data. Once the destination is enabled, events from RudderStack will start to flow to the webhook endpoint.

Before configuring your source and destination on the RudderStack dashboard, verify if the platform you are working on is supported by the webhook destination by referring to the table below:

Connection Mode

Web

Mobile

Server

Device mode

-

-

-

Cloud mode

Supported

Supported

Supported

To know more about the difference between Cloud mode and Device mode in RudderStack, read the RudderStack connection modes guide.

Once you have confirmed that your platform supports sending events to webhooks, perform the steps below:

  • Choose a source to which you would like to add your webhook endpoint as a destination.

  • Select the destination as Webhook to your source. Give your destination a name and then click on Next.

  • Next, in the Connection Settings page, enter the relevant connection information and click on Next

The settings are:

  • Webhook URL: This is the endpoint where RudderStack will send the events. Both http and https are supported. For https, the TLS cert needs to be valid for a successful event delivery.

  • URL Method: This is the HTTP method of the request sent to the configured endpoint. Supported methods are POST, PUT and GET. By default, the POST method is used.

  • Headers: Add custom headers for your events via this option. These headers will be added to the request made from RudderStack to your webhook. By default, RudderStack adds the following headers for the POST and PUT requests:

KeyValue

User-Agent

RudderLabs

Content-Type

application/json

RudderStack also supports adding a dynamic header for your events through user transformation. For more information, refer to our user transformer code in our GitHub repo.

You can also add a dynamic path to your base URL. For more information on how to do this, refer to our user transformer code in our GitHub repo.

Identify

The identify call is used to associate a user to their actions. Apart from capturing a unique user ID, you can also send optional traits associated with that user, such as name, email, IP address, etc. using the RudderStack SDKs.

A sample identify payload is as shown:

{
  "channel": "web",
  "context": {
    "app": {
      "build": "1.0.0",
      "name": "RudderLabs JavaScript SDK",
      "namespace": "com.rudderlabs.javascript",
      "version": "1.1.1-rc.2"
    },
    "traits": {
      "name": "User name",
      "email": "user@domain.com",
      "plan": "Enterprise",
      "company": { "id": "company-A" },
      "createdAt": "Thu Mar 24 2016 17:46:45 GMT+0000 (UTC)"
    },
    "library": { "name": "RudderLabs JavaScript SDK", "version": "1.1.1-rc.2" },
    "userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.149 Safari/537.36",
    "locale": "en-US",
    "os": { "name": "", "version": "" },
    "screen": { "density": 1.600000023841858 },
    "page": {
      "path": "/tests/html/script-test.html",
      "referrer": "http://localhost:1111/tests/html/",
      "search": "",
      "title": "",
      "url": "http://localhost:1111/tests/html/script-test.html"
    }
  },
  "type": "identify",
  "messageId": "508d5e8c-96e4-4301-bd46-1890dba5c866",
  "originalTimestamp": "2020-04-22T08:06:20.337Z",
  "anonymousId": "21b43de4-3b9b-423f-b51f-794eae31fc03",
  "userId": "my-user-id",
  "integrations": { "All": true },
  "sentAt": "2020-04-22T08:06:20.337Z"
}

For each identify call, RudderStack sends the request in the following manner (depending on the URL method configured in the dashboard):

  • POST: RudderStack sends the whole event payload (as shown above) as the JSON body of the POST request.

  • PUT: RudderStack sends the whole event payload (as shown above) as the JSON body of the PUT request.

  • GET: RudderStack sends the traits passed in the identify call as the query parameters of the GET request. If your traits contain nested values, RudderStack flattens these values and sends them as the query parameters. For example, the company ID specified in the above payload's traits is sent as "company.id": "company-A".

Page

The page call lets you record your website's page views, with any additional relevant information about the viewed page. For more information on the page call, refer to the RudderStack API Specification guide.

A sample page payload is as shown:

{
  "channel": "web",
  "context": {
    "app": {
      "build": "1.0.0",
      "name": "RudderLabs JavaScript SDK",
      "namespace": "com.rudderlabs.javascript",
      "version": "1.1.1-rc.2"
    },
    "traits": {},
    "library": { "name": "RudderLabs JavaScript SDK", "version": "1.1.1-rc.2" },
    "userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.149 Safari/537.36",
    "locale": "en-US",
    "os": { "name": "", "version": "" },
    "screen": { "density": 1.600000023841858 },
    "page": {
      "path": "/tests/html/script-test.html",
      "referrer": "http://localhost:1111/tests/html/",
      "search": "",
      "title": "",
      "url": "http://localhost:1111/tests/html/script-test.html"
    }
  },
  "type": "page",
  "messageId": "97114191-e2f2-42af-97db-14b358b1cfe1",
  "originalTimestamp": "2020-04-22T08:06:20.334Z",
  "anonymousId": "57d95a96-61dc-47bf-8f96-5d37543d7438",
  "userId": "user@domain.com",
  "properties": {
    "path": "/tests/html/script-test.html",
    "referrer": "http://localhost:1111/tests/html/",
    "search": "",
    "title": "",
    "url": "http://localhost:1111/tests/html/script-test.html",
    "experiment": {"variant": "old"}
  },
  "integrations": { "All": true },
  "sentAt": "2020-04-22T08:06:20.334Z"
}

For each page call, RudderStack sends the request in the following manner(depending on the URL method configured in the dashboard):

  • POST: RudderStack sends the whole event payload (as shown above) as the JSON body of the POST request.

  • PUT: RudderStack sends the whole event payload (as shown above) as the JSON body of the PUT request.

  • GET: RudderStack sends the properties passed in the page call as query parameters of the GET request. If your properties contain nested values, RudderStack flattens these values and sends them as query parameters. For example, the experiment variant specified in the above payload's properties is sent as "experiment.variant": "old".

Track

The track call captures all the activities that the user performs, along with any other properties that are associated with those activities. Each of these activities or actions is considered as an event. For more information on the track call, refer to the RudderStack API Specification guide.

A sample track payload is as shown:

{
  "channel": "web",
  "context": {
    "app": {
      "build": "1.0.0",
      "name": "RudderLabs JavaScript SDK",
      "namespace": "com.rudderlabs.javascript",
      "version": "1.1.1-rc.2"
    },
    "traits": {
      "name": "User name",
      "email": "user@doamin.com",
      "plan": "Enterprise",
      "company": { "id": "comapny-A" },
      "createdAt": "Thu Mar 24 2016 17:46:45 GMT+0000 (UTC)"
    },
    "library": { "name": "RudderLabs JavaScript SDK", "version": "1.1.1-rc.2" },
    "userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.149 Safari/537.36",
    "locale": "en-US",
    "os": { "name": "", "version": "" },
    "screen": { "density": 1.600000023841858 },
    "page": {
      "path": "/tests/html/script-test.html",
      "referrer": "http://localhost:1111/tests/html/",
      "search": "",
      "title": "",
      "url": "http://localhost:1111/tests/html/script-test.html"
    }
  },
  "type": "track",
  "messageId": "04a303b1-a466-4e66-9022-2a24edaca4fc",
  "originalTimestamp": "2020-04-22T08:06:20.338Z",
  "anonymousId": "21b43de4-3b9b-423f-b51f-794eae31fc03",
  "userId": "my-user-id",
  "event": "Product Purchased",
  "properties": {
    "order_ID": "1",
    "category": "boots",
    "product_name": "new_boots",
    "price": 60,
    "currency": "USD"
  },
  "integrations": { "All": true },
  "sentAt": "2020-04-22T08:06:20.338Z"
}

To view the other events and detailed event structure for the types of events being sent, check out the RudderStack API Specification.

For each track call, RudderStack sends the request in the following manner(depending on the URL method configured in the dashboard):

  • POST: RudderStack sends the whole event payload (as shown above) as the JSON body of the POST request.

  • PUT: RudderStack sends the whole event payload (as shown above) as the JSON body of the PUT request.

  • GET: RudderStack sends the properties that you pass in the track call as query parameters of the GET request. If your properties contain nested values, RudderStack will flatten these values before sending them.

Features

Dynamic Header Support

In the settings config, you can set static headers for the webhook call. However, in some cases you may want to dynamically change or add a header to the webhook. This can be done through a top-level object with a key of header. This top-level key can be added using a user transformation and the following line of code event.header = { "Authorization": "some-auth" }. Below is an example of a payload with this feature.

{
  event: "some-event-name",
  type: "track",
  properties: {
    color: "blue",
    number: 3,
    newMember: true
  },
  header: {
    "Authorization": "Bearer 3841718412jhcdskc"
  }
}

Dynamically Append to Endpoint URL

In the settings config, you will enter the endpoint that this webhook will be pointed to. There are some use-cases where depending on the event that is going to this destination, the endpoint may need to be changed. RudderStack allows you to append a dynamic string to your webhook endpoint using a top-level key named appendPath. This top-level key can be added using a user transformation and the following line of code event.appendPath = 'some-path'.

Fixed Endpoint URL From Settings
--------------------------------
endpoint: 'https://www.google.com/'

Dynamically Append String to Endpoint
-------------------------------------
appendPath: 'search?q=cats'

Final Endpoint
--------------
endpoint: 'https://www.google.com/search?q=cats'

FAQs

How to check if there are any delivery failures for the events sent to the webhook?

  • Login to your account in RudderStack app.

  • Verify that you are sending the events in the Live Events tab of your source.

  • Check if there are any delivery failures in the Live Events tab of your destination. An example of an event failure is as shown:

  • You can then check the Error Response to get more details about the error, including the reason of the failure, as shown:

Contact Us

If you come across any issues while configuring webhooks with RudderStack, please feel free to contact us. You can also start a conversation in our Slack community; we will be happy to talk to you!

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